My understanding is that autohpagy (and other benefits of the fasted state) kicks in at significant levels after 15 hours. But how may this be different for endurance athletes, like me? If for example, I train very hard in the morning before breakfast, will autophagy kick in after a shorter fasting window? Or if I do a 5-hour cycle ride (moderate effort), and I eat a little, but not enough to fuel my activity, will autophagy kick in, because I'm in calorie deficit, even though there is food in my system? Thank you. Helen (Brighton, UK)
Andrew - I came across this article in Medscape. I was surprised by the author's claim regarding Omega 3 and Calcium (section 2), citing the ASCEND and VITAL studies. Can you offer any clarity? https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/epidemiologists-guide-debunking-nutritional-research-2024a1000ktj